Article archive
Published news and blog articles, organized by category. Browse older coverage by month or search for a topic. Undated blog guides appear after dated news.
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How Incubators Save Premature Babies
How Incubators Save Premature Babies | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 040 N43 ANALYSIS · MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY How Incubators Save Premature Babies A transparent box, a steady 36.5 degrees, and a century of engineering that turned a fifteen-percent…
How CT Scans Work
How CT Scans Work | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 036 N43 ANALYSIS · MEDICAL IMAGING How CT Scans Work Computed tomography reconstructs cross-sectional images from thousands of X-ray attenuation measurements taken at different angles. This is the…
How MRI Machines See Inside the Body
How MRI Machines See Inside the Body | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 034 N43 ANALYSIS · MEDICAL IMAGING How MRI Machines See Inside the Body Magnetic resonance imaging turns the quantum behavior of hydrogen nuclei into detailed cross-sectional…
The Science of Anesthesia
The Science of Anesthesia | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 033 N43 ANALYSIS · PHARMACOLOGY The Science of Anesthesia How anesthetic drugs silence pain, memory, and consciousness — from ether inhalations in the 1840s to the modern pharmaceutical…
How Pacemakers Regulate the Heart
How Pacemakers Regulate the Heart | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 032 N43 ANALYSIS · CARDIAC MEDICINE How Pacemakers Regulate the Heart The engineering and biology behind artificial cardiac pacemakers — tiny implanted devices that deliver…
The Mechanics of Artificial Joints
The Mechanics of Artificial Joints | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 031 N43 ANALYSIS · MEDICAL ENGINEERING The Mechanics of Artificial Joints How engineering and biology converge in artificial joints — from hip replacements to bionic limbs that…
The Engineering of Suspension Bridges
The Engineering of Suspension Bridges | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 027 N43 ANALYSIS · CIVIL ENGINEERING The Engineering of Suspension Bridges How catenary mathematics, cable spinning, and aerodynamic stability combine in the…
How Sonar Detects Underwater Objects
How Sonar Detects Underwater Objects | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 026 N43 ANALYSIS · UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS How Sonar Detects Underwater Objects From Leonardo da Vinci's listening tube to modern active and passive sonar systems, the…
The Science of Stealth Technology
The Science of Stealth Technology | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 025 N43 ANALYSIS · MILITARY TECHNOLOGY The Science of Stealth Technology How radar-absorbing materials, angular shaping, and infrared suppression combine to make…
How Night Vision Technology Works
How Night Vision Technology Works | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 024 N43 ANALYSIS · OPTOELECTRONICS & MILITARY TECH How Night Vision Technology Works From World War II tank-mounted infrared scopes to modern gallium arsenide photocathodes and…
The Physics of Laser Beams
The Physics of Laser Beams | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 023 N43 ANALYSIS · PHYSICS & OPTICS The Physics of Laser Beams Stimulated emission, population inversion, and optical coherence — the quantum mechanical principles that make laser light…
How Elevators Work and Their Safety Systems
How Elevators Work and Their Safety Systems | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 022 N43 ANALYSIS · ENGINEERING & SAFETY How Elevators Work and Their Safety Systems From ancient hoists powered by animals to AI-coordinated smart lifts in supertall…
The Engineering of Escalators
The Engineering of Escalators | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 021 N43 ANALYSIS · ENGINEERING The Engineering of Escalators A motor-driven chain of individually linked steps cycling on a pair of tracks — the hidden mechanics beneath the most…
How Barcode Scanners Work
How Barcode Scanners Work | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 020 N43 ANALYSIS · TECHNOLOGY How Barcode Scanners Work From Morse code drawn in sand to laser beams to smartphone cameras — the optical, electronic, and software systems that read barcodes…
The Technology Behind RFID
The Technology Behind RFID | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 019 N43 ANALYSIS · TECHNOLOGY The Technology Behind RFID How radio-frequency identification uses electromagnetic fields to identify and track objects — from WWII-era espionage to 50…
How Encryption Keeps Data Safe
From Caesar ciphers to quantum-resistant schemes, encryption is the invisible infrastructure that makes digital civilization possible.
The Architecture of Computer Processors
From transistors to pipelines to cache hierarchies, the modern CPU is a masterpiece of layered abstraction built on a foundation of sand.
How Drones Are Changing Warfare
From reconnaissance to loitering munitions, unmanned aerial vehicles are reshaping the battlefield faster than doctrine can follow.
The Mechanics of Lock Picking and Security
The Mechanics of Lock Picking and Security | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 015 N43 ANALYSIS · PHYSICAL SECURITY The Mechanics of Lock Picking and Security A defensive look at pin-tumbler mechanics, the information hidden in binding, and how better…
How Solar Panels Convert Light to Electricity
How Solar Panels Convert Light to Electricity | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 014 N43 ANALYSIS · ENERGY PHYSICS How Solar Panels Convert Light to Electricity The photovoltaic effect, semiconductor band gaps, and the manufacturing chain that turned…
The Engineering of Wind Turbines
The Engineering of Wind Turbines | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 013 N43 ANALYSIS · ENERGY ENGINEERING The Engineering of Wind Turbines How aerodynamic blades, precision gearboxes, and synchronous generators convert moving air into electricity at…
How Fiber Optics Transmit Data
How Fiber Optics Transmit Data | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 012 N43 ANALYSIS · OPTICAL COMMUNICATION How Fiber Optics Transmit Data Every email, video call, and streaming service that crosses an ocean travels through a strand of glass thinner…
The Science of 3D Printing
The Science of 3D Printing | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 011 N43 ANALYSIS · ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING The Science of 3D Printing What began in the 1980s as a niche tool for rapid prototyping has become a transformative industrial technology. The…
How Self-Driving Cars See the World
How Self-Driving Cars See the World | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 010 N43 ANALYSIS · ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE How Self-Driving Cars See the World A machine navigating a city street must fuse millions of sensor measurements per second into a…
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