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Published news and blog articles, organized by category. Browse older coverage by month or search for a topic. Undated blog guides appear after dated news.
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The Science of Reentry Heat Shields
The Science of Reentry Heat Shields | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 077 N43 ANALYSIS · SPACEFLIGHT THERMODYNAMICS The Science of Reentry Heat Shields When a spacecraft slams back into the atmosphere at 25 times the speed of sound, the air ahead of…
How Space Suits Keep Astronauts Alive
How Space Suits Keep Astronauts Alive | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 076 N43 ANALYSIS · SPACEFLIGHT ENGINEERING How Space Suits Keep Astronauts Alive A wearable spacecraft: the layered, pressurized, temperature-controlled, oxygen-fed architecture…
The Engineering of Space Stations
The Engineering of Space Stations | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 075 N43 ANALYSIS · ORBITAL ENGINEERING The Engineering of Space Stations Modular assembly in vacuum, closed-loop life support at 400 kilometers, and the international supply chain…
How Satellites Stay in Orbit
The Technology of Space Telescopes
The Technology of Space Telescopes | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 073 N43 ANALYSIS · ASTRONOMY & ENGINEERING The Technology of Space Telescopes From Hubble's corrective optics to Webb's sun shield the size of a tennis court, the machines that…
How Ion Drives Power Spacecraft
How Ion Drives Power Spacecraft | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 072 N43 ANALYSIS · ELECTRIC PROPULSION How Ion Drives Power Spacecraft An ion engine cannot lift a rocket from Earth — but in the quiet dark between worlds, its tiny, relentless…
How Jet Engines Work
How Jet Engines Work | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 070 N43 ANALYSIS · PROPULSION How Jet Engines Work The air-breathing reaction engines that shrank the globe — from the turbojet's first roar to the turbofan's whisper-quiet bypass ratio. By N43…
The Physics of Supersonic Flight
The Physics of Supersonic Flight | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 069 N43 ANALYSIS · AERODYNAMICS The Physics of Supersonic Flight What happens when an aircraft outruns its own pressure waves: compressibility, shock waves, drag rise, sonic booms,…
How Radar Detects Aircraft
How Radar Detects Aircraft | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 068 N43 ANALYSIS · ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS How Radar Detects Aircraft The physics and engineering behind radio detection and ranging — from pulsed transmissions and reflections to Doppler…
The Engineering of Air Traffic Control
The Engineering of Air Traffic Control | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 067 N43 ANALYSIS · AVIATION SYSTEMS The Engineering of Air Traffic Control How a global system of radar, radio, separation rules, and human controllers keeps millions of…
How Biometric Scanners Work
How Biometric Scanners Work | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 066 N43 ANALYSIS · TECHNOLOGY How Biometric Scanners Work From the capacitive sensor under your phone's glass to the structured-light projector mapping your face in the dark, biometric…
How Wireless Charging Works
How Wireless Charging Works | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 064 N43 ANALYSIS · TECHNOLOGY How Wireless Charging Works From Faraday's 19th-century copper coils to the Qi-standard pads powering tonight's smartphones, wireless charging is a story of…
How Geothermal Energy Works
How Geothermal Energy Works | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 060 N43 ANALYSIS · ENERGY How Geothermal Energy Works The physics, technology, and economics of harvesting heat from Earth's interior — from Roman baths to Enhanced Geothermal Systems and…
The Physics of Nuclear Fission
The Physics of Nuclear Fission | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 059 N43 ANALYSIS · PHYSICS The Physics of Nuclear Fission From the binding energy curve to chain reactions and reactor design — how splitting atomic nuclei releases the energy that…
How Hydroelectric Dams Generate Power
How Hydroelectric Dams Generate Power | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 058 N43 ANALYSIS · ENERGY How Hydroelectric Dams Generate Power The physics, engineering, and global impact of hydroelectric power — from water pressure and turbine design to…
The Engineering of Desalination Plants
The Engineering of Desalination Plants | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 057 N43 ANALYSIS · ENGINEERING The Engineering of Desalination Plants Reverse osmosis membranes, multi-stage flash distillation, energy recovery devices, brine outfall — the…
The Science of Nanotechnology
The Science of Nanotechnology | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 055 N43 ANALYSIS · TECHNOLOGY The Science of Nanotechnology From Feynman's challenge to molecular machines and carbon nanotubes — how engineering at the billionth-of-a-meter scale is…
How Brain-Computer Interfaces Work
How Brain-Computer Interfaces Work | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 054 N43 ANALYSIS · NEUROENGINEERING How Brain-Computer Interfaces Work A brain-computer interface creates a direct communication link between neural activity and an external device…
How Cochlear Implants Restore Hearing
How Cochlear Implants Restore Hearing | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 052 N43 ANALYSIS · NEUROENGINEERING How Cochlear Implants Restore Hearing A surgically implanted neuroprosthesis bypasses damaged hair cells in the inner ear and directly…
How PET Scans Detect Cancer
PET does not photograph a tumor. It follows a radioactive sugar through the body and finds the places where biology has gone into overdrive.
How 3D Bioprinting Works
How 3D Bioprinting Works | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 048 N43 ANALYSIS · BIOMANUFACTURING How 3D Bioprinting Works From bio-inks to layer-by-layer assembly, 3D bioprinting is turning the promise of tissue engineering into a manufacturing…
The Science of Tissue Engineering
The Science of Tissue Engineering | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 047 N43 ANALYSIS · BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING The Science of Tissue Engineering How biomedical engineers combine cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules to grow replacement tissues…
How Gene Therapy Treats Disease
How Gene Therapy Treats Disease | N43 N43 ANALYSIS AI · 046 N43 ANALYSIS · GENETIC MEDICINE How Gene Therapy Treats Disease From viral vectors to CRISPR, gene therapy is moving from experimental concept to clinical reality — rewriting the…
The Biology of Stem Cells
Stem cells balance self-renewal and differentiation: potency, niches, reprogramming, tissue repair and the limits of the promise.
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